Child abuse and neglect is a highly discussed issue in the present day. For a long time now, the detrimental impacts of child abuse and neglect have been acknowledged. There are significant implications from child abuse and neglect in the United States and it is imperative to come up with the necessary ways of dealing with it. The solution is to have a propagating state program that encompasses poor and underprivileged children. There is also need for family programs that educate and teach households on better child treatment and attaining the necessary skills. Such programs should also be expanded to schools to determine their vulnerabilities and needs. Child abuse and neglect is a highly debated issue in the contemporary. For a lengthy period now, the detrimental impacts of child abuse and neglect have been acknowledged. Adverse childhood events (ACEs) have been experientially demonstrated to be linked to an assortment of negative adult mental health consequences (LaNoue et al., 2013). Several research studies have associated the abuse and neglect of children with an extensive range of medical, emotive, psychosomatic and developmental disorders (The Free Library, 2005). Every year, over 680,000 cases of child abuse are confirmed in the United States. Further statistics indicate that kids at the tender ages between 0 and 5 years are more susceptible to victimization, make up for 75% of deaths from abuse, and consist of a greater percentage of cases compared to older children above the age of 5 to 18 years (Levi et al., 2015).

The controversy encompasses the strong suits and shortcomings of the child welfare system in the United States. One of the positives is that subsequent to the transformation of the child welfare system in the United States into a child protection system, the number of child abuse reports escalated from several thousand annually to greater than 3 million (Lindsey, 1996). This has made it possible to become aware of such incidence and being able to tackle them head on. Another positive aspect includes the engagement of families in child welfare services. This has been a fundamental measure and stride in strength-based social work practice. It encompasses commitment and active participation (Fusco, 2015). This has been a great measure of decreasing the intergenerational transference of maltreatment.

On the other hand, there has been a severe concern regarding the costs incurred from child abuse and neglect. Statistics indicate that the total costs incurred nationally to cater for child abuse and neglect surpass $94 billion. In addition, the downside to combating child abuse has decreased the level of apprehension with child poverty and disadvantaged children. One of the limitation takes into account the fact that school nurses who are health professionals tasked with distinctively addressing the health necessities of children and young individuals fail to identify such needs (Hackett, 2013). Another problem takes into account the recurrence of child abuse and neglect at home subsequent to intervention. This is largely because the kids who continue to stay at their homes even after being abused or neglected by their guidelines, or are taken back to those homes after intervention face greater risk of experiencing even more abuse and neglect (The Free Library,...

In the United States, the child protection system made it possible to perceive the various incidences of child abuse and neglect, increasing the chances of tackling and resolving such issues. Through child welfare systems, significant strides have been made to ensure that children enjoy a safe childhood that is free of violence. However, a key concern has been the rate of childhood abuse neglect and recurrence at the home setting subsequent to intervention. Child Protection services more often than not intervene on instances of abuse and neglect. However, in the end, they are taken back to their homes and this gives rise to further neglect and abuse in periods of about three years. This has led to severe effects of child abuse and neglect. Both positive and negative costs incur from medical, emotional, mental and behavioral disorders. Adverse childhood events have been empirically presented to be linked to an extensive array of damaging adult mental health results. These people may have inferior adult practical, well-being, or psychological health outcomes, which may themselves be linked to levels of adverse effect, and that they are reflecting on their present state of affairs and endeavoring to attribute those situations to something (LaNoue et al., 2013). Regardless of the positive measures undertaken to deal with instances of child abuse and neglect, there is a high rate of recurrence within the society and this augments not only the financial cost but also the psychosomatic costs and consequences in adults.
Adverse childhood events have been associated with plenty of detrimental health and psychological health results. Research undertaken by LaNoue et al. (2013) examined both positive and negative affect as forecasters of adults' ratings of both childhood and adult influence of their childhood harsh conditions. These adverse childhood events have been linked to disparaging effects such as depression and anxiety amongst adults. Prevalence approximations recommend that these harsh childhood occurrences are common, particularly when taking into consideration instance such as residing in a childhood home with a substance user and experiencing suicidal events. Affect, which is a person's overall internal emotive experience and external articulacy, is a significant element of a persons' interrelations with others and with their settings. It is largely deemed to be a concept made up of two factors. On one hand, there is the positive affect, which includes instances of happiness and strength of character. On the other hand, there is negative affect, which takes into account unfavorable mood states like anger, anxiety, guild and sadness (LaNoue et al., 2013). Outcomes of research have indicated that irrespective of incident harshness and various kinds of adverse events experienced, high levels of negative affect were the greatest predictor of whether the adult impact of the adverse childhood events was assessed as negative. All persons assessed the childhood impact of events to be similar (LaNoue et al., 2013).

This negative affect can be linked to child abuse and neglect recurring with children at the home setting even after intervention. Research study undertaken by McMaster University Medical Faculty investigated 163 Canadian household with a deep-rooted history of child abuse or neglect. One group of the households obtained normal child protection services, comprising repetitive follow-up by case-workers and tutoring in parenting.…